Significant advances in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), one of the most aggressive forms of breast cancer, were highlighted at the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) congress. New data from Phase 3 clinical trials demonstrate that antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) substantially improve progression-free survival compared to standard chemotherapy for patients with metastatic TNBC who are not candidates for immunotherapy. These findings represent a major step forward in managing a disease that has seen limited therapeutic progress for over two decades.
The TROPION-Breast02 study, involving 644 patients with locally recurrent, inoperable, or metastatic TNBC, evaluated the ADC datopotamab deruxtecan. Results showed a 43% reduction in the risk of disease progression or death compared to standard chemotherapy. Patients treated with the new antibody-drug conjugate experienced an average improvement of five months in survival time, marking a clinically relevant advancement for this difficult-to-treat patient population.
Separately, the ASCENT-03 trial demonstrated similarly promising results with sacituzumab govitecan, another ADC targeting the Trop-2 protein. This study showed a 38% reduction in the risk of death or disease progression, with progression-free survival extending to 9.7 months compared to 6.9 months with standard chemotherapy. The results, presented at ESMO and simultaneously published in The New England Journal of Medicine, confirm the growing importance of ADCs in oncology treatment paradigms.
Giuseppe Curigliano, ESMO President-Elect, noted that women with metastatic TNBC ineligible for immunotherapy face limited treatment options and rapid disease progression. These new ADC therapies represent a meaningful therapeutic advance for approximately 8,000 women diagnosed with TNBC annually in Italy, which accounts for about 15% of the country's 55,000 yearly breast cancer cases. The consistent positive outcomes across multiple ADC studies suggest a paradigm shift in how this aggressive cancer subtype may be managed in the future.
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